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  • von Marynel Ryan Van Zee

    The 1980s and 1990s saw a flurry of interest in the history of the professions among historians and historical sociologists. Moving beyond studies of individual professions, an international group of scholars attempted to specify both the similarities and differences among multiple national contexts, and to establish a terminology that could be used across them to identify what counted as a “profession.” As part of that effort, the German historians Kocka and Conze have defined it as “a largely non-manual, full time occupation whose practice presupposes specialized, systematic and scholarly training.” Access to professions typically “depends upon passing certain examinations which entitle to titles and diplomas.” Professions “tend to demand a monopoly of services as well as freedom from control by others such as laymen, the state, etc.” [...]

  • von Karin Hausen

    I.S., Medizinstudentin im sechsten Studien- und zweiten klinischen Semester hatte im Zorn zur Feder gegriffen, um publik zu machen, dass die mit einem strikten Numerus Clausus wieder eröffneten Universitäten bei der Auswahl der Studierenden Frauen offen diskriminierten. Für die Geschlechter- und Hochschulpolitik der unmittelbaren Nachkriegszeit ist diese Zuschrift in der Frankfurter Rundschau vom 1. Februar 1946 trotz ihres geringen Echos interessant.[...]