Essays/

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  • von Jay Winter

    The General Assembly of the United Nations approved the Universal Declaration of Human Rights on 10 December 1948. This document reflected a very widely shared sense of revulsion at the crimes committed by the Hitler state in its period in power from 1933-45. Without the Second World War, this document would never have been drafted, let alone approved by communist and non-communist countries alike. This non-binding statement of principles set in motion other measures which established legal sanctions for human rights violations by states. Regional conventions on human rights were signed in Europe, Latin America and Africa. In 1966, the United Nations agreed two covenants on human rights, one on social and economic rights and a second on civil and political rights. Ten years later these came into force as instruments of international law. [...]