The convention that the Ural mountains separate Europe from Asia has never withstood critical scrutiny; attempts to draw a more meaningful dividing line should begin with historical and cultural factors, even if their impact must ultimately be analysed in geographical terms. The essay analyses two key concepts defining the borderline between Europe and Asia – O. Halecki’s “Great Eastern Isthmus” that demarcates a region stretching from the Baltic to the Black Sea, and W. McNeill’s “Danubian and Pontic Europe” (the region “where the Eurasian steppe intersects the main mountain system of the earth”). It aims to draw on their arguments to explore the historical context of European region formation and continental demarcation in the east.