My essay focuses on the roles that girls have played in the history of European modernity. I will by pointing to various ways in which girls—referring very broadly here to unmarried female youth in their teens and twenties—figured in this history: as workers and consumers active in the construction of market capitalism in Europe, as figures in the liberal political economy that enabled its implantation, and as participants (at least at the margins) of specifically European constructions of modern selfhood. [...]